Jump Cut
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump_cut
A cut in film editing is when there are two sequential shots of the same subject taken from camera positions that vary only slightly. Jump cuts are considered to be a violation to continuity editing which gives the appearance of continuous time where as jump cuts draw attention to the constructed nature of the film.
Over-the-Shoulder-Shot http://www.cla.purdue.edu/english/theory/narratology/terms/overtheshoulder.html
A shot taken behind a person's shoulder which can give a characters point of view.
Cutaway Shot
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cutaway
A change from one scene to another that shows simultaneous action which abruptly introduces content or cenery away from the central action that creates suspense.
Point of View Shot
http://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/point-of-view.html
Shows the scene from a persons perspective.